An interdisciplinary debate on project perspectives
Table 4 Basic information for examples of skyscrapers buildings, based on (Alnusairat 2018; Munro 2004; Headquarters et al. 2007; Parker 2013)
Building Name | Al Faisaliah Center | Swiss Re Tower | Commerzbank Headquarters | The Shard (London Bridge Tower) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Schematic |
|
|
|
|
Location | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | London, United Kingdom | Frankfurt, Germany | London, United Kingdom |
Climate | Hot and dry | Warm and temperate | Cold and temperate | Warm and temperate |
Completion Year | 2000 | 2004 | 1997 | 2012 |
Use | Office and restaurant | Offices | Offices | Residential, hotel, and office |
Height (m) | 267Â m | 180Â m | 259Â m | 309.6Â m |
No. of Floors | 44 | 42 | 56 | 75 |
Gross Area (m2) | 240000 m2 | 64500 m2 | 85500 m2 | 111000 m2 |
Ventilation Type | Natural ventilation | Mixed mode | Mixed mode | Natural ventilation |
Natural Ventilation Type | Stack and cross | Stack and cross | Stack and cross | Stack |
Night-time Ventilation | √ | None | √ | √ |
Annual Usage of Natural Ventilation | 100% | 40% | 85% | 25% |
Annual Energy Saving | 45% | 20% | 63% | 84% |
Annual Energy Consumption | – | – | 117 kWh/m2 | 54 kWh/m2 |
