Table 1 Synthesis of the three case studies

Tools

Laboratorio spazi

Experimental participative process aimed to redesign policies and tools for the allocation and management of real estate owned by the municipality by promoting temporary use of buildings and abandoned areas

Co city

Urban Innovative Actions project (2017–2020) for commons-based urban welfare

Call for project offering a list of “void spaces” and promoting the collaboration of different local actors

Gren’ de projet

Call for innovative projects for private “interdisciplinary” groups able to take charge of public buildings transformation and management. Issued by a plan of local public services saving

Buildings

Six disused buildings, at high risk of abandonment and/or decay

- Dismissed buildings

- Underused public services

- Green areas, public areas

- Residual areas, at risk of abandonment or degradation

Six underused buildings with architectural patrimonial value (XVII to XXI century) and at risk of decay

Source: www.zic.it, www.zero.eu

Source: https://cooperativecity.org (Photos @ Andrea Giuliano)

Source: https://www.grenoble.fr

Actors

- Registered local associations

- Third sector organisations, including those in partnership

- Committees formally constituted for the pursuit of purposes compatible with those envisaged for the property of interest

- Informal groups of citizens

- Informal groups of citizens

- Registered local associations

- Active citizens

- Schools

- Small entrepreneurs

- Associations at national scale

- Associations at local scale

- Consortiums of local associations

- Informal collectives of citizens