Table 1 Summary of academic concepts related to public space design.

3.1

The design of public spaces should consider people's livelihoods as a top priority

Human dimension absents in the city-making process during the previous decades

N/A

Gehl et al. (2010, 2011);

Wan et al. (2021)

3.2

Public spaces are places that are shared equally by all parties involved in the city

Lack of public spaces; general diffused lack of accessibility

N/A

American Planning Association (2006);

Carmona, 2018;

Gehl (2011, 2018)

3.3

Green public spaces and parks are areas for everyone;

Good practices and state-of-the-art in contemporary visions of city-making

Yes

U.S. Department of Justice, ADA Act (2010)

U.S. Department of Justice, ADA Standard (2010)

American Planning Association, APA (2006)

European Institute for Design and Disability, EIDD (2022)

Royal Thai Government, (2021); Thai Civil Rights and Investigative Journalism (2019)

UN (2006)

World Bank (2019)

Rafizadeh (2020)

3.4

Green public spaces and parks can include Universal Design concepts for people with disabilities, who are included in the city-making by principles of social equality

Contemporary institutional Need for actual inclusiveness, to be integrated in a new series of public spaces’ interventions

Yes

Istituto Nazionale di Urbanistica INU (2006);

Connell et al. (1997)

Oliver (1998)

UN (2022a);

UN (2022b);

UN-Habitat (2015)

UN-Habitat (2018)

UN-Habitat (2020)

Siqi et al. (2020)

3.5

The design of green public spaces and parks by Universal Design concept has to consider accessibility and inclusivity

Reaching a new future level of integration in the provision of urban green public spaces

Yes

Benepe (2019)

Stanley (1968)