Production of gathering spaces in post-disaster recovery scenarios: case studies from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami-2011

City, Territory and Architecture

An interdisciplinary debate on project perspectives

Table 3 Summary of the recovery initiatives of the case studies- spatial practices

Area	Reconstruction type	Participation process	LOP^a	Recovery scenario
Aoi-Higashimatushima	Relocation, compact city, no business provided	Constant meeting with residents, decisions made and executed by residents, before disaster preparation. Gathering spaces opened on 2015 after completion of housings	8	Community-driven
Tamauranishi-Iwanuma	Relocation, compact city, no business provided	Constant meeting with residents, decisions based on residents` opinion and partnership. Gathering spaces opened on 2015 after completion of housings	6	Community-driven
Shishiori-Kesennuma	Land readjustment, relocation, small retails provided	Decisions based on government’s perspective. Consultation and informing with the residents for some details. Gathering spaces opened on 2017 after completion of housings	4	Government-Led
Machikata-Otsuchi	Land readjustment, relocation, small retail provided	Decisions based on government’s perspective. Consultation and informing with the residents for some details. Gathering spaces opened on 2018 after completion of housings	4	Government-Led

^aLevel Of Participation: Based on participation based on Arnstein’s ladder of participation non-Participation ((1) Manipulation and (2) Therapy), Tokenism ((3) Informing, (4) Consultation and (5) Placation), Citizen Power ((6) Partnership, (7) Delegated Power and (8) Citizen Control)