Table 3 The design processes

The structure: flexibility and modularity

Frame’s structure:

The frame is a structural installation, containing sets of vertical elements (columns) and horizontal elements (beams) and is used, on the architectural level, in facilities with a large space, such as studios, factories, and conference halls (The Constructor, 2021)

For the interior design, it is used to form interior spaces with its different shapes

The structure features:

- Can be used in multi-floor buildings

- Allows for large spans between the columns without the need for middle columns

- Easy to form, it has no fixed shape

- Relatively easy in structural analysis and design

- Relatively easy to build

- The labour cost is relatively low

Functionality: Seating function, privacy, optical stretch, and control lighting

The structure and overall aesthetic composition of the seating area

It has repetitive seating units according to the architectural programme

The principle of repetition is achieved on different levels:

- Functional seating

- Private seating

- The ornaments

Structure/function using structure to allocate units

Aesthetics: Patterns, motifs, lighting effects

The functional aesthetic units/seating:

Utilize the ornaments

Achieve privacy and luxury through the seating elements in the respective spaces

Utilize lighting, materials, and ornaments based on the Rowshan philosophy

The color scheme:

The waiting area: repetitive units according to the architectural programme

Utilizing the ornaments to achieve visual continuity and light based on the Rowshan philosophy